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Judge Dee
First appearanceCelebrated Cases of Judge Dee
Last appearancePoets and Murder
Created byAnonymous author credited as 'Buti zhuanren'/novel translated and subsequent novels continued by Robert van Gulik (character based on Di Renjie)
Portrayed byMichael Goodliffe
Khigh Dhiegh
Information
GenderMale
OccupationMagistrate
NationalityChinese

Judge Dee (also, Judge Di) is a semi-fictional character based on the historical figure Di Renjie, county magistrate and statesman of the Tang court. The character appeared in the 18th-century Chinese detective and gong'ancrime novel Di Gong An. After Robert van Gulik came across it in an antiquarian book store in Tokyo, he translated the novel into English and then used the style and characters to write his own original Judge Dee historical mystery stories.

The series is set in Tang Dynasty China and deals with criminal cases solved by the upright and shrewd Judge Dee, who as county magistrate in the Chinese imperial legal system was both the investigating magistrate and judge.

  • 4Bibliography
  • 5Adaptations
  • 7References

Dee Goong An[edit]

Main article: Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee

The Judge Dee character is based on the historical figure Di Renjie (c. 630–c. 700), magistrate and statesman of the Tang court. During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) in China, a 'folk novel' was written set in former times, but filled with anachronisms. Van Gulik found in the 18th century Di Gong An (Chinese:狄公案 Pinyin: dí gōng àn, lit. 'Cases of Judge Dee') an original tale dealing with three cases simultaneously, and, which was unusual among Chinese mystery tales, a plot that for the most part lacked an overbearing supernatural element which could alienate Western readers.[1] He translated it into English and had it published in 1949 under the title Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee.

Van Gulik's stories[edit]

This gave van Gulik the idea of writing his own novels, set with the similar Ming anachronisms, but using the historical character. Van Gulik was careful in writing the main novels to deal with cases wherein Dee was newly appointed to a city, thereby isolating him from the existing lifestyle and enabling him to maintain an objective role in the books. Van Gulik's novels and stories made no direct reference to the original Chinese work, and so Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee is not considered to be part of the Judge Dee series.

Initially Dee is assisted only by his faithful clerk, Sergeant Hoong, an old family retainer. However, in The Chinese Gold Murders, which describes Dee's initial appointment and first criminal cases, the judge encounters two highwaymen, euphemistically called 'men of the greenwood', Ma Joong and Chiao Tai, who attempt to rob him but are so impressed with his character that they give up their criminal careers and join his retinue on the spot. (This encounter is recounted in a short flashback passage in the original Di Gong An, taking place when the two are already long-serving loyal members of his retinue). A little later, in The Chinese Lake Murders, a third criminal, Tao Gan, an itinerant confidence trickster and swindler, similarly joins. Judge Dee ends his career being promoted to the position of senior Metropolitan Judge in the capital, and his assistants obtain official ranks in the Army and civil service.

Van Gulik also wrote a series of newspaper comics about Judge Dee in 1964-1967, which totalled 19 adventures. The first four were regular balloon strips, but the later 15 had the more typically Dutch textblock under the pictures.

Judge Dee, naturally, is responsible for deciding sentences as well as assessing guilt or innocence, although van Gulik notes in the stories that all capital punishments must be referred to and decided by officials in the capital. One of the sentences he frequently has to deal with is slow slicing; if he is inclined to mercy, he orders the final, fatal, cut to be made first, thus rendering the ceremony anticlimactic.

Other authors[edit]

Several other authors have created stories based on Van Gulik's Judge Dee character. Bosch windows xp img download.

  • French author Frédéric Lenormand wrote 19 new Judge Dee mysteries from year 2004 at Editions Fayard, Paris (not yet translated into English). Some of them have been translated into Spanish (Ediciones Paidos Iberica), Portuguese (Europress), Bulgarian (Paradox), Czech (Garamond) and Polish.[citation needed]
  • Sven Roussel, another French author, has written La dernière enquête du Juge Ti.[2]
  • The Chinese-American author Zhu Xiao Di wrote a book about Judge Dee called Tales of Judge Dee (2006), set when the Judge was the magistrate of Poo-yang (the same time period as The Chinese Bell Murders and several other novels). Zhu Xiao Di has no relation to Robert van Gulik but tried to stay faithful to the fictionalized history of van Gulik's Judge Dee.[citation needed]
  • Judge Dee appears, along with a fictionalized Wu Zetian, in Eleanor Cooney & Daniel Alteri's mystery novel Deception: A Novel of Mystery and Madness in Ancient China.[citation needed]

Bibliography[edit]

By van Gulik[edit]

The following novels and short stories were published in English by van Gulik. The short story collection Judge Dee at Work (published in 1967) contains a 'Judge Dee Chronology' detailing Dee's various posts in specific years and stories set in these times. Van Gulik's last two books, Poets and Murder and Necklace and Calabash, were not listed in the chronology, as they were written after Judge Dee at Work, but they are both set in the time when Judge Dee was the magistrate in Poo-yang.

YearTitleSettingNotes
1949Celebrated Cases of Judge DeeAn 'early phase of Judge Dee's career.'Translated from Chinese (originally, Dee Goong An); not part of the later continuity. Three stories: 'The Case of the Double Murder at Dawn,' 'The Case of the Strange Corpse', and 'The Case of the Poisoned Bride'. Dee is the newly appointed Magistrate of Chang-ping in the Province of Shantung. He has all four lieutenants on staff: Sgt. Hoong, Chiao Tai, Ma Joong, and Tao Gan.[3]
1957The Chinese Maze Murders670, Lan-fangWritten in 1950, published in Japanese in 1951; Lan-fang is a fictional district at the western frontier of Tang China. Given its name, general location and supposed role in the trade route to Khotan, it has a real historical eponymous counterpart in Lanzhou.
1958The Chinese Bell Murders668, Poo-yangWritten between 1953 and 1956; Poo-yang is a fictional wealthy district on the shores of the Grand Canal of China (part of modern-day Jiangsu province).
1959The Chinese Gold Murders663, Penglai
1960The Chinese Lake Murders666, Han-yuanHan-yuan is a fictional district on a lakeshore near the capital of Chang-An. Huan-Yuan (韩原) is an ancient name for the modern day Hancheng city in Shaanxi province.
1961The Chinese Nail Murders676, Pei-chowPei-chow is a fictional district in the far north of Tang China.
1961The Haunted Monastery667, Han-yuanJudge Dee is traveling and forced to take shelter in a monastery.
1961The Red Pavilion668, Poo-yang
1962The Lacquer Screen664, Penglai
1963The Emperor's Pearl669, Poo-yang
1965The Morning of the Monkey667, Han-yuanA short novel from The Monkey and the Tiger
1965The Night of the Tiger676, Pei-chowA short novel from The Monkey and the Tiger
1965The Willow Pattern677, Chang-AnJudge Dee is the Lord Chief Justice in the Imperial capital of Chang-An.
1966Murder in Canton681, GuangzhouJudge Dee is the Lord Chief Justice for all of China.
1966The Phantom of the Temple670, Lan-fang
1967'Five Auspicious Clouds'663, PenglaiA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967'The Red Tape Murders'663, PenglaiA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967'He came with the Rain'663, PenglaiA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967'The Murder on the Lotus Pond'666, Han-yuanA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967'The Two Beggers'668, Poo-yangA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967'The Wrong Sword'668, Poo-yangA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967'The Coffins of the Emperor'670, Lan-fangA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967'Murder on New Year's Eve'670, Lan-fangA short story from Judge Dee at Work
1967Necklace and Calabash668, Poo-yang
1968Poets and Murder669, Poo-yang

By other authors[edit]

By the author Frédéric Lenormand (not yet translated into English)

  • Le Château du lac Tchou-an (2004) The Zhou-an lake castle
  • La Nuit des juges (2004) The Night of the judges
  • Petits meurtres entre moines (2004) Little murders among monks
  • Le Palais des courtisanes (2004) The courtesans' palace
  • Madame Ti mène l'enquête (2005) Mrs. Dee investigates
  • Mort d'un cuisinier chinois (2005) Death of a Chinese cook
  • L'Art délicat du deuil (2006) The Delicate art of mourning
  • Mort d'un maître de go (2006) Death of a Go master
  • Dix petits démons chinois (2007) Ten little Chinese devils
  • Médecine chinoise à l'usage des assassins (2007) Chinese Medicine for murderers
  • Guide de survie d'un juge en Chine (2008) Survival guide for the Chinese judge
  • Panique sur la Grande Muraille (2008) Panic on the Great Wall
  • Le Mystère du jardin chinois (2009) The Chinese Garden Mystery
  • Diplomatie en kimono (2009) Diplomacy in a Kimono
  • Thé vert et arsenic (2010) Arsenic and green tea
  • Un Chinois ne ment jamais (2010) A Chinese never lies
  • Divorce à la chinoise (2011) Chinese-style Divorce
  • Meurtres sur le fleuve Jaune (2011) The Yellow River Murders

By the author Zhu Xiao Di

  • Tales of Judge Dee (2006), set in the time when Judge Dee is in Poo-yang (AD 669-670)

By the author Sven Roussel

  • La Dernière Enquète du Juge Ti (2008) set at the end Judge Dee's term of service in Lan Fang (AD 675)

By authors Eleanor Cooney & Daniel Alteri

  • Deception: A Novel of Mystery and Madness in Ancient China, ISBN0-380-70872-8

By Lin Qianyu (林千羽)

  • 狄仁杰 通天帝国 (2010), tie-innovel of Tsui Hark 2010 film: Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame, ISBN978-7-5385-4859-4

By the author Hock G. Tjoa

  • The Ingenious Judge Dee (2013), ISBN1-493-57691-7

Adaptations[edit]

Comics[edit]

The stories have been adapted into comic strips by Dutch artists Fritz Kloezeman [4] between 1964 and 1969 and Dick Matena in 2000. [5]

TV[edit]

Judge Dee has been adapted for television twice in English.

  • In 1969, Howard Baker produced six Judge Dee stories for Granada Television.[6] These episodes were in black and white and were not a ratings success. The English actor, Michael Goodliffe, portrayed the Judge.
  • In 1974, Gerald Isenberg adapted the novel The Haunted Monastery into a television movie, titled Judge Dee and the Monastery Murders. It starred Khigh Dhiegh as Judge Dee. With the exception of the star (who generally played East Asian roles but was of English and North African descent), the movie had an all-Asian cast, including Mako, Soon-Tek Oh, Keye Luke, and James Hong. The writing was credited to Nicholas Meyer and Robert van Gulik.[7] It was nominated for an Edgar Award, for Best Television Feature or Miniseries in 1975.

Some of Robert van Gulik's Judge Dee stories have been adapted for Chinese TV by CCTV. As of 2012, four different DVD series are available with one series so far with English subtitles. CCTV produced series in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010. The series from 2010, entitled 'Detective Di Renjie' has been produced on DVD by Tai Seng entertainment with English subtitles.[citation needed]

Movies[edit]

  • Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame (2010)
  • Young Detective Dee: Rise of the Sea Dragon (2013)
  • Detective Dee: The Four Heavenly Kings (2018)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Wright, Daniel Franklin (2004). Chinoiserie in the novels of Robert Hans van Gulik (M.A. thesis) Wilfrid Laurier University
  2. ^Roussel, Sven. La dernière enquête du Juge Ti (in French). ISBN978-2-9532206-0-5.
  3. ^Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee (Dee Goong An): An Authentic Eighteenth-Century Chinese Detective Novel. Dover Publications, 1976. Copyright notes, 'an unabridged, slightly corrected version of the work first published privately in Tokyo in 1949 under the title Dee Goong An: Three Murder Cases Solved by Judge Dee.
  4. ^'Frits Kloezeman'. lambiek.net.
  5. ^'Dick Matena'. lambiek.net.
  6. ^'Judge Dee'. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  7. ^'Judge Dee and the Monastery Murders'. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2008-05-10.

Sources[edit]

  • Van Dover, J. Kenneth (2015). The Judge Dee Novels of R. H. Van Gulik: The Case of the Chinese Detective and the American Reader. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN9780786496211. A scholar of American detective fiction explores the historical Chinese figures, the tradition of the Chinese detective story, China and Chinese in American literature, and van Gulik's adaptations.

External links[edit]

  • Judge Dee: Character chronology and information about the author(in English)
  • The Judge Dee website by Sven Roussel
  • Fansite containing detailed publishing history in various languages(in English) and (in Dutch)
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In what authorities have called one of the largest criminal copyright cases ever brought, the Justice Department and the F.B.I. have seized the Web site Megaupload and charged seven people connected with it with running an international enterprise based on Internet piracy.

Megaupload, one of the most popular so-called locker services on the Internet, allowed users to transfer large files like movies and music anonymously. Media companies have long accused it of abetting copyright infringement on a vast scale. In a grand jury indictment, Megaupload is accused of causing $500 million in damages to copyright owners and of making $175 million by selling ads and premium subscriptions. Download torrent arctic monkeys favourite worst nightmare.

The arrests were greeted almost immediately with digital Molotov cocktails. The hacker collective that calls itself Anonymous attacked the Web sites of the United States Justice Department and several major entertainment companies and trade groups in retaliation for the seizure of Megaupload.

The case against Megaupload comes at a charged time, a day after broad online protests against a pair of antipiracy bills in Congress: the Stop Online Piracy Act, or SOPA, in the House of Representatives, and the Protect Intellectual Property Act, or PIPA, in the Senate. The bills would give United States authorities expanded powers to crack down on foreign sites suspected of piracy. But technology companies and civil liberties groups say that the powers are too broadly defined and could effectively result in censorship.

Four of the seven people, including the site’s founder, Kim Dotcom (born Kim Schmitz), were arrested Friday in New Zealand; the three others remain at large. Each of the seven people — who the indictment said were members of a criminal group it called Mega Conspiracy — is charged with five counts of copyright infringement and conspiracy. The charges could result in more than 20 years in prison.

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As part of the crackdown, about 20 search warrants were executed in the United States and in eight other countries, including New Zealand. About $50 million in assets were also seized, as well as a number of servers and 18 domain names that formed Megaupload’s network of file-sharing sites.

The police arrived at Dotcom Mansion in Auckland on Friday morning in two helicopters. Mr. Dotcom, a 37-year-old with dual Finnish and German citizenship, retreated into a safe room, and the police had to cut their way in. He was eventually arrested with a firearm close by that the police said appeared to be a shortened shotgun.

“It was definitely not as simple as knocking at the front door,” said Grant Wormald, a detective inspector.

The police said they seized 6 million New Zealand dollars, or $4.8 million, in luxury vehicles, including a Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupe and a pink 1959 Cadillac. They also seized art and electronic equipment and froze 11 million dollars in cash in various accounts.

Mr. Dotcom and three others arrested in New Zealand appeared in court Friday afternoon and were denied bail. Extradition proceedings will continue Monday.

The police said the other three arrested in New Zealand were Finn Batato, 38, a German citizen and resident; Mathias Ortmann, 40, a German citizen who is a resident of Hong Kong; and Bram van der Kolk, 29, a Dutch citizen who is a resident of New Zealand.

The police said they were still searching Dotcom Mansion on Friday evening.

Ira P. Rothken, a lawyer for Megaupload, said by telephone Thursday that “Megaupload believes the government is wrong on the facts, wrong on the law.”

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On Wednesday, Google and Wikipedia joined dozens of sites in political protests by blacking out some content and explaining their arguments against the antipiracy laws.

The group Anonymous, which has previously set its sights on PayPal, Sony and major media executives, was more blunt in its response. The group disabled the Justice Department’s site for a time, and it also claimed credit for shutting down sites for the Motion Picture Association of America and the Recording Industry Association of America, two of the most powerful media lobbies in Washington, as well as those of Universal Music Group, the largest music label, and BMI, which represents music publishers.

“Let’s just say, for #SOPA supporters their #SOPAblackout is today,” Anonymous wrote in a Twitter post. In an e-mail, a spokesman for the group said it was responsible for the Web attacks.

The Megaupload case touches on many of the most controversial aspects of the anti-piracy debate. Megaupload and similar sites, like RapidShare and MediaFire, are often promoted as convenient ways to transfer large files legitimately; a recent promotional video had major stars like Will.i.am of the Black Eyed Peas singing Megaupload’s praises. But media companies say the legitimate uses are a veil concealing extensive theft.

Mr. Dotcom has made himself a visible target. He splits his time between Hong Kong and New Zealand and casts himself in flamboyant YouTube videos. His role as one of the most prominent Web locker operators has earned him a half-joking nickname in Hollywood: Dr. Evil.

According to the indictment, he took in $42 million from Megaupload’s operations in 2010.

The indictment against Megaupload, which stems from a federal inquiry that began two years ago, was handed down by a grand jury in Virginia two weeks ago but was not unsealed until Thursday.

It quotes extensively from correspondence among the defendants, who work for Megaupload and its related sites. The correspondence, the indictment says, shows that the operators knew the site contained unauthorized content.

The indictment cites an e-mail from last February, for example, in which three members of the group discussed an article about how to stop the government from seizing domain names.

The Megaupload case is unusual, said Orin S. Kerr, a law professor at George Washington University, in that federal prosecutors obtained the private e-mails of Megaupload’s operators in an effort to show they were operating in bad faith.

“The government hopes to use their private words against them,” Mr. Kerr said. “This should scare the owners and operators of similar sites.”